This mutation was backcrossed and made homozygous into 12 different C. elegans natural isolates, which were crossed together for six generations and then maintained in three replicates for 60 generations of experimental evolution as male "high-competition" lines.
The high wake phenotype in this line segregates as a single locus autosomal dominant mutation, and has been maintained by backcrossing affected males to wild-type B6 females obtained from the Jackson Laboratory at each generation to eliminate other possible induced mutations segregating in the line.
Together, the results of M4 segregation and backcross analysis support the conclusion that the mutation in G978-18 is controlled by a single, recessive gene.
Three generations were included: F1, backcross, and backcross × backcross.
marked by the cutsy mutation and by claret (ca) at ∼3:49,032,000 (Kimble and Church 1983), to D. sechellia D1A1C and backcrossed F1 females to the marked D. simulans cutsy, ca parental strain.
These were backcrossed an additional nine times to eliminate variations unlinked to the suppressor mutation, and then their genomic sequence was determined.
All transgenes and the dfoxo mutant were backcrossed at least six times into the wild-type outbred Dahomey population carrying the w 1118 mutation and cured of Wolbachia infection and frequently outcrossed back into the wild-type population.
For finer mapping, the Mariusz mutation was sequentially backcrossed and intercrossed on both C3H/HeN and C57BL/6J backgrounds.
For example, it will allow mapping and backcrossing of induced mutations in the background of the same accession used for mutagenesis by providing markers that allow discrimination of the mutagenized genome from the wild type.
To delineate the candidate gene underlying the eam5 mutation, we backcrossed the introgression line Bowman eam5) with Bowman and scored heading date in the field.
