Sentence examples for mutation accumulation on from inspiring English sources

For computational purposes we have considered only three stages of mutation accumulation on the R genomes.

In addition, any further mutation accumulation on the R genomes of P. ridibundus decreases their fitness by δ m =0.4.

In this case the production of offspring with greater mutation accumulation on the R genome is favoured, and consequently the production of fit P. ridibundus females is lowered.

We therefore investigated the effects of 50 generations of X-chromosome mutation accumulation on the fitness of males and females derived from an outbred population of Drosophila melanogaster.

The transposition rate is not necessarily constant, it may be affected by various regulation mechanisms, or by the progressive loss of transposition activity by mutation accumulation on TE sequences.

The pattern of mutation diffusion is that mutation rates contribute to deleterious mutations, while the " lessonae-like preference" favours the production of offspring of P. esculentus males with a stronger mutation accumulation on their R genome.

Specifically, we simulated a "mutation accumulation" experiment on a genome made up of a single 4-Mb chromosome which is roughly the size of the genomes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica—, with spontaneous mutation rates and event size distribution derived from experimental data in both species (see details below).

Mutation accumulation experiments on a few model organisms offer a slightly different view: A preponderance of deletions has been observed in the bacterium Salmonella enterica (Nilsson et al. 2005), whereas insertions outnumbered deletions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Denver et al. 2004).

However, we also show that age-related mutation accumulation can depend on cell type and organ sub-structure, and that not all mutations are a consequence of replication errors.

However, speciation is either not really adaptive (since it relies on abrupt changes of the environment or on mutation accumulation) or it requires the simultaneous action of multiple sources of selection (diversifying selection on female preferences combined with diversifying selection on male ornaments).

Mating systems dictate the way in which mutations are partitioned among offspring and therefore can have a profound influence on mutation accumulation from generation to generation.