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Tumors have mutated to escape the effects of radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted agents; the body's immune responses may not be unique.
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HIV is capable of rapidly mutating to escape recognition by certain HLA immune molecules as well as by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which help to control HIV replication.
However, the extreme diversity of HIV type 1 (HIV-1), which is a consequence of its propensity to mutate to escape immune responses, along with host factors that prevent the elicitation of protective immune responses, continue to hinder vaccine development.
The results of our studies therefore reveal that while viruses mutate to escape neutralization by autologous antibodies [6], [7], some do evolve increased neutralization sensitivity to heterologous antibodies as demonstrated in our previous studies with heterologous plasma [23] and in the present study with mAbs.
Reports have suggested that CD8+ epitopes under pressure will mutate to escape protective immunity (11 ).
However, previous studies have shown that HIV-1 can mutate to escape neutralization, potentially limiting the protective activity ability of b12 and other neutralizing antibodies.
The protein on the surface of the virus, called gp120, constantly mutates to escape detection by antibodies.
Laboratory tests of specimens collected from individuals in the nursing home have raised questions about whether the SARS virus might cause a wider spectrum of milder illnesses that have escaped detection, or whether it might have mutated to cause a milder form of the disease.
Initially it caused only mild disease that escaped detection, but by 1997 the virus had mutated to a deadly form that could kill chickens within 48 hours.
Here, her emaciated, wild-eyed Karen seems to have mutated to half-human, half-tree state.
In the porcine insulin sequence ThrB30 is mutated to Ala.
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