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A central bottleneck is that most recurrently mutated genes in cancer are found mutated in fewer than 5% of patients and most individual variants are found at exceedingly rare frequencies.
114 additional candidate cancer genes were identified and most candidates were mutated in fewer than 5% of tumours recapitulating the conclusions of previous studies [12,13].
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These results confirm the somatic mutation landscape, where few genes are mutated in many tumors (for example, TP53) whereas many genes are recurrently mutated in few tumors.
The experiments revealed that, when the Nf1 gene was mutated in mice, fewer blood cells formed from the lining of the major blood vessel that leaves the embryonic heart.
Accordingly, our assay captures 94 99% of the mutation frequency described for the BRAF, KRAS and JAK2 oncogenes, which are frequently mutated in very few hotspots.
Su(Fu) is also mutated in a few BCCs [109].
It will be interesting to examine whether any putative nucleases have mutated in the few viable transformants that carry both spacer #1 and its target.
It was initially found to be mutated in a few breast and lung cancer cell lines, where it exhibited tumor suppressor activity upon re-introduction [ 10].
Despite the initial effort to use p53 for the differential diagnosis [ 17], we found that it is mutated in only a few cases, which was similar to previous reports [ 29, 30].
Interestingly, a few genes mutated in the non-motile ciliopathies also seem to be linked with structural formation of the axoneme.
The diagnosis of JHS/EDS-HT still remains unsupported by molecular testing, with the exception of a very few cases purportedly mutated in COL3A1 and TNXB [ 4– 6].
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