Sentence examples for mutated in breast from inspiring English sources
"Although initially mutated in breast cancer, we found mutations of P-TEN in brain and prostate cancer and expect to find mutations in other cancers as well," says Dr. Parsons.
Studies performing large-scale conventional sequencing of breast cancers [ 33, 34] revealed that there are a relatively low number of genes frequently mutated and a high number of genes rarely mutated in breast cancer.
BRCA1 and SRCA2 are frequently mutated in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients, and mutation of these genes leads to inefficient DNA DSB repair.
The tumour-suppressor gene TP53 is frequently mutated in breast tumours, and the majority of the mutations are clustered within the core domain, the region involved in DNA binding.
This gene is frequently somatically mutated in breast cancer [ 6, 7] and TP53 germline mutations are associated with increased risk for developing diverse malignancies, including 25 30% of hereditary breast cancer cases associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome [ 8].
PIK3CA gene is frequently mutated in breast carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas.
The human ADAM12 gene is the most frequently somatically mutated ADAM in breast cancer, and four missense mutations, D301H, G479E, T596A, and G668A, have a significant impact on protein functionality in cancer cells [ 5- 7].
Other mutated genes in breast cancer reported in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database [ 60] include PIK3CA (25% [ 61]), TP53 and CDH1 (22%), PTEN (6%), AKT1 (5%) and numerous mutations that occur at frequencies <5%.
These genes represent the most mutated genes in breast cancer.
Since genome-wide aUPD analysis by using high-resolution SNP arrays can pinpoint regions that carry homozygously mutated genes for next-generation gene sequencing, we hypothesized that identifying UPD regions can identify known and possibly novel mutated genes in breast cancer.
Interestingly, of the 83 somatically mutated proteins in breast cancer [ 17], over half (59) were shown to be part of a large interaction cluster involving TP53, BRCA1, PIK3R1, and NFKB.
