Query genes are hypomorphic mutants, with reduced but not eliminated function, of genes corresponding to signaling pathways in metazoans.
The fadD mutants with reduced ability to grow on phosphatidylcholine as a sole carbon source showed decreased fitness in a mouse lung infection model.
Mutants with reduced kinetic capabilities were analyzed further to study the effect of the amino acid alteration on the binding of the ligands.
The percentage of mutants with reduced in vitro growth was similar to the proportion of hypovirulent strains by FVI values (13.7% vs. 13.5%).
Munc18-1 celevels levels and its accumulation at the target membrane were reduced after syntaxin cleavage (Figure 5) and expression of Munc18-1 mutants with reduced syntaxin-affinity reduced its plasma membrane association [22].
Analysis of growth yields of mutants with reduced light-harvesting antennae and/or reduced overall pigment concentration per cell, generated by either mutagenesis or genetic engineering, could help understanding limiting factors for biomass accumulation in photobioreactor.
Application of JA and SA reduces seed production and mutants with reduced sensitivity to these hormones tend to have higher fitness correlates in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under controlled conditions in a glasshouse experiment [ 9].
If INS-1 and INS-18 function as physiological, antagonistic ILPs, removing them should reduce the Daf-c penetrance in mutants with reduced insulin signaling.
Mutants with reduced IL-8 induction (526, 538, 545) have also reduced H3 Ser10 dephosphorylation.
Moreover, SMCX knockdown reduces dendritic length of rat primary neurons, which cannot be rescued by its XLMR-patient mutants with reduced demethylase activity [ 31].
From a genetic screen, we isolated dendritic arbor reduction (dar) mutants with reduced dendritic arbors but normal axons of Drosophila neurons.
