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Based on these findings, we have engineered two MafB mutants with opposite dimerization preferences.
However, the fastest growth rates were observed for two mutants with opposite luminescence phenotypes and signaling strengths, namely the luxM (HAI-1−, mimics low cell density due to permanent phosphorylation of LuxO by LuxN [9], [22], [23]) and luxN (sensor1-; mimics high cell density due to the lack of phosphorylation of LuxO [9], [22], [23]) mutants (Table 2).
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pAbp and cup mutants lay eggs with opposite patterning defects ('ventralized' compared with 'dorsalized' respectively), whereas a heterozygous pAbp hypomorph enhances the ventralized and collapsed egg phenotypes of enc mutants [ 31].
Significantly, these mutants group into two classes with opposite phenotypes - severely reduced number of germ cells in one class and germ cell tumour in the other.
Previous studies on mutants with altered sporulation reported opposite results for sporulation between measurements in vitro and in planta [ 34].
We also compared gene expression data from Dichaete and pros mutants and found examples of genes with opposite expression changes (down in Dichaete, up in pros) as well as genes with similar expression changes, suggesting Dichaete and Pros may both collaborate and antagonise.
This intervention improved insulin sensitivity only in control mice, with opposite effects in GHRKO mutants (Masternak et al., 2012).
Only mutant females showed significant changes in lifespan compared to controls, with opposite effect seen in unmated and mated females.
To evaluate whether cells with high PKA activity altered HSE-dependent gene expression in the opposite way to mutants with low PKA activity, such as cdc25Δ and ras2Δ, a deletion mutant of BCY1 was studied.
Finally, no significant changes in insulin content and secretion were observed in cells overexpressing GFP-β2-syntrophin constructs carrying mutations with opposite effects on the binding to ICA512, such as the S75A/S90A and S75D/S90D mutants (Table S1C).
The genotyped double insertion mutant strains were then individually mated with double mutants of the opposite mating type and the cycle was repeated until all of the 11 gene insertions were combined in the single strain iGM11.
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