Dpp null phenotypes and those of Mad10 and Mad12 mutants (which lose C- terminal, but not linker phosphorylations, Figure 4A 4E) are not identical to those of Mad RNAi.
We used the drkEOA mutant, which loses binding to EGFR caused by mutation in the SH2 domain [39], for a genetic interaction assay.
Ethylene biosynthesis appeared to be the most sensitive assay for AtEHD2 activity, and the mutant proteins which lost functionality in the other assays employed herein still retained some ability to inhibit ethylene biosynthesis.
To support this notation, a mutant PTPMeg2CS, which lost the ability to dephosphorylate STAT3, failed to block STAT3 localization into the nucleus in response to IL-6 stimulation.
As predicted, the removal of the CTR containing the AHA motif generated a mutant protein which lost the ability to transactivate in this system, while the CTR alone was capable of transactivating when fused to GAL4-BD.
Sequence analysis demonstrated that the two clones, D112K-1 and D112K-3, which lost detectable products at Tc (66°C) were WT molecules and the other three were the desired mutants (GAC was changed into AAA).
Our previous studies have generated vlm gene insertion mutants which completely lost VLM production but had no apparent defect in growth or differentiation [12].
Partial evidence for haploinsufficiency has also been provided for HSPB8 mutants, which have lost the HSPB8 chaperone-like activity to deal with aggregation-prone polyQ proteins, resulting in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (Carra et al., 2008).
Some evidence suggested that one of these isoforms, daf-16a, was particularly important for the increased longevity of insulin pathway mutants, which is lost in a daf-16 null background.
This dual localization of membrane proteins at the PM and the tonoplast is not restricted to mutants which have lost a specific sorting signal, since it can also be observed when fluorescent PM proteins like the plasma membrane ATPase (PMA) or the LOW-TEMPERATURE-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN (LTI6a) are analyzed [ 24].
