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Although SK11 and SK12 barely affected the oil fatty acid composition in seeds (Supplementary Fig. 9a), total fatty acid levels in seeds of sk11 and sk12 single mutants were reduced compared to those in wild-type seeds, and the reduction was more remarkable in sk11 sk12 (Fig. 3b).
However, some of the ΔflaA mutants were reduced in colonization on some sprout types.
In the most severe cases, portions of the cuticle of Rab11j2D1 mutants were reduced to fragments (Fig. 3I), similar to, though less severe than, those in embryos lacking zygotic Crb (Fig. 3L).
Levels of parvalbumin staining in merovingian mutants were reduced compared with wild-type siblings, although hair cell morphology appeared otherwise normal (Fig. 2B).
In marked contrast to this latter mutant, which was fully non-pathogenic on barley and rice, the Δtsp3 and Δtpl1 mutants were reduced in pathogenicity only on rice.
The ethylene production rates of these double mutants were reduced 23- to 300-fold compared with that of the native ACCO.
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Root elongation in these mutants was reduced even under medium-B conditions (0.1 1 mM), whereas root growth in the wild type under these conditions was comparable to that under normal-B conditions (0.03 mM) (Fig. 1b).
While the YUC4 signal intensity and expression pattern was similar between knu-1 and the wild type, YUC4 expression in the crc-1 knu-1 and crc-1 mutants was reduced specifically in the abaxial carpels at stage 6 of flower development in the wild type (Fig. 2f h).
The PA content of these mutants was reduced by 45 95% compared to wild-type seeds (Larson et al. 2000; Frank et al. 2009).
These mutations were selected by their resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B. Biochemical analysis of purified membrane preparations showed that the plasma membrane ATPase activity of the mutants was reduced as much as 75%.
The specific activity of these mutants was reduced by more than 98%, suggesting the critical role of these two residues in the catalytic function of the enzyme (Okada et al.2000).2000
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