It was found that, in addition to culture pH [Kusaka et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1997 47 140], other variances such as culture temperature, host strain and use of mutants are effective in changing polymer molecular weight.
Alternately, in R. leguminosarum, braC mutants are effective in alanine uptake (but are lacking in the uptake of the other three amino acids) [ 38].
Overall, these results suggest that aberrant expression of WT or catalytically inactive (C277S) TG2 mutants is effective in promoting the EMT and that the GTP-binding function of TG2 is critical to this effect.
The R21A mutant was effective, unlike R49A mutant, at inhibiting such apoptosis.
These evidences suggest that the IRESatt772 mutant was effective in reducing translation efficiency.
Our data show that TIMP-1-mediated neuroprotection is, at least in part, MMP-independent and an addition into its non-classical functions because the T2G mutant was effective as wild type TIMP-1; but other MMP-inhibitors, TIMP-2 or -3, did not protect neurons from STS-induced apoptosis.
The wild-type and the already published mutant K27A were effective in PI-9-negative cells only.
Induction of CArG-dependent SMC marker genes required full length palladin as neither the amino- or carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants of palladin were effective (Fig. 2C, p<0.01).
All hNGFR100 mutants, including R100W and R100E mutants, were equally effective as wild type hNGF in activating this pathway in both cell lines (Fig. 1B,D,F).
Because the FADD-DD and FADD-DD V108E mutants were equally effective at blocking tumor regression caused by etoposide, we conclude that signaling through TRAIL receptors alone is sufficient to cause these effects.
