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For genetic complementation studies, the mutants were complemented with a plasmid containing a wild-type copy of the tagO gene (pRBtagO) [9].
E. ictaluri ΔasdA01 mutants were complemented with the asdA gene from S. Typhimurium (Fig. 7).
When the cheR1 mutants were complemented with cheR1 in trans, the effect of CheR became more pronounced.
Both mutants were complemented with the plasmid pACYC177 harboring sequences encoding focA or fliA of E. coli CFT073.
In 1994, for example, IR-sensitive D. radiodurans polA mutants were fully complemented by expression of the polA gene from the IR-sensitive E. coli [4]; and in 1996, UV-sensitve D. radiodurans uvrA mutants were complemented by uvrA from E. coli [90], suggesting that these recombination and excision repair genes are necessary but not sufficient to produce extreme DNA damage resistance.
The QS mutants could all be complemented for their swarming deficieny; the AHL synthase mutants were chemically complemented by providing the signal molecules in the media whereas the lasR and rhlR mutants were complemented with the cosmids pIB101 and pIB103 [26] respectively (data not shown).
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A subset of mutants was complemented with the full length gene in trans.
The spore pigmentation and germination defects of the Δsec22 mutant were complemented in the mutant strain carrying the construct that expresses sec22 under its own promoter and terminator regions (strain SEC22-GFP-NA, Figure 3 and Figure 4).
Finally, a benQ null mutant was complemented with butyrate starter unit biosynthesis genes from the alnumycin biosynthesis gene cluster, which resulted in a great (10×) enhancement in the production of butyrate-primed hexacyclic benastatin derivatives.
The mutant was complemented by transformation with a recombinant vector made of full-length cDNA of the WT AtPIP1 4 gene fused at the 5′-terminus to the gene promoter and fused at the 3′-terminus to the coding sequence of green-fluorescent protein (GFP).
The mutant was complemented with the entire phoPR operon using the replicative plasmid pJUZ1K [16].
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mutants were designed
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mutants were screened
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