For genetic complementation studies, the mutants were complemented with a plasmid containing a wild-type copy of the tagO gene (pRBtagO) [9].
E. ictaluri ΔasdA01 mutants were complemented with the asdA gene from S. Typhimurium (Fig. 7).
Both mutants were complemented with the plasmid pACYC177 harboring sequences encoding focA or fliA of E. coli CFT073.
When the cheR1 mutants were complemented with cheR1 in trans, the effect of CheR became more pronounced.
The QS mutants could all be complemented for their swarming deficieny; the AHL synthase mutants were chemically complemented by providing the signal molecules in the media whereas the lasR and rhlR mutants were complemented with the cosmids pIB101 and pIB103 [26] respectively (data not shown).
In 1994, for example, IR-sensitive D. radiodurans polA mutants were fully complemented by expression of the polA gene from the IR-sensitive E. coli [4]; and in 1996, UV-sensitve D. radiodurans uvrA mutants were complemented by uvrA from E. coli [90], suggesting that these recombination and excision repair genes are necessary but not sufficient to produce extreme DNA damage resistance.
Furthermore, when spores of those ssp4 null mutants were complemented to express Ssp4 with an Asp at residue 36 (i.e., a Ssp4 Asp variant), they exhibited greater heat and nitrous acid resistance than did spores of the same mutant complemented to express Ssp4 with Gly at residue 36 (i.e., a Ssp4 Gly variant).
Because overproduction of AsdA enzyme increases generation times [19], [34] and synthesis of Asd enzyme is proportional to the copy number of the complementing plasmid, asdA mutants were complemented with E. ictaluri asdA gene with (PasdA-asdA) and without its promoter (SD-asdA), this last to decrease Asd synthesis, cloned into p15A ori plasmid (pACYC184; Table 2).
Mutants were complemented by reintroduction of the wild-type afsS allele.
When envZ/ompR mutants were complemented by their own gene cloned from the WT strain, the 'low-motile' phenotype was partially restored.
