We have also shown that mutants exhibiting no obvious phenotypic variation under laboratory conditions can suffer significant loss of fitness [ 8].
Loss of csA did not affect development in the mutant cells under laboratory conditions, however when grown on soil plates which resembles natural conditions the mutant cells displayed reduced cell-cell adhesion, increased adhesiveness to the substratum, and slower motility, which led to their sorting out from aggregating wild-type cells [26] [26].
And viable mutants are common because under laboratory conditions, hermaphrodites can survive and reproduce even with a largely nonfunctional nervous system.
The aisles had once swarmed with people, mutant under-dwellers who emerged from the depths of Penn Station.
Additionally, to date, it has not been possible to isolate spontaneous mutants resistant to the combination of meropenem and clavulanate or faropenem under laboratory conditions, hinting at a low propensity for the development of resistance.
A simple approach to activate secondary metabolite gene clusters in fungi, which are silenced during vegetative growth and under laboratory conditions, is to produce and take advantage of mutant strains of the two conserved complexes, CSN and velvet.
The molecular basis of flowering time has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana where mutant plants with an altered flowering phenotype were analyzed for their flowering behavior under laboratory conditions.
Similarly, several mutants of the RNAi pathway in N. crassa, A. thaliana and C. elegans survive normally under laboratory conditions [ 2, 8, 9, 11].
Endophytic colonization of the rice mutants Oscastor-1, Osccamk-2, and Oscyclops (NC2794) by rhizobia also appears not to be affected under laboratory conditions (Chen and Zhu 2013).
In spite of this change, NlpD is not essential for Y. pestis cell growth, at least under laboratory conditions, as shown by the normal growth rate of the nlpD mutant (Fig. 7E).
