In mutants that are lower in Aβ toxicity and defective for traffic pathways, the ratio of the two fluorescence patterns is inversed.
These data, combined with the fact that decreasing PKA activity rescues both checkpoint active (spc24 -8) and checkpoint defective (spc24 -9, spc24 -10) kinetochore mutants, suggest that lowering PKA activity does not improve the growth of kinetochore mutants due to restoration of the spindle checkpoint.
This was also true for lamG262 flies, but the fraction of mutants that climbed was lower than age matched controls, and the decrease was much more dramatic for mutant flies, approaching zero at two weeks of age.
For the R63S and D56S mutants that lead to lower SYPRO Orange fluorescence upon denaturation, we surmise that these protein variants aggregated during (as opposed to after) the formation of the fully denatured state, thus resulting in lower fluorescence yields.
C. sorokiniana mutants that exhibited a lower Chl fluorescence yield than WT when exposed to a saturating pulse of light were identified following UV mutagenesis using a fluorescence video-imaging system (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Transcription mutants that are sensitive to lower GTP levels or those defective in induction of IMD2 confer MPA sensitivity (MPAs).
Note that while all L mutants in the 1-step neighborhood of the ancestral clone have higher fitness (1 + s i > 1), the 1-step neighborhood of a newly created clone with fitness 1 + s i can generate mutants that have higher or lower fitness, depending on the randomly chosen values of s i for these mutants.
The generation of Nrf2 mutants that bind with either lower or higher affinity to Keap1 than wild-type (WT) Nrf2 showed that if the low affinity 'DLG' motif in Nrf2 is mutated, so that Nrf2 is bound to only a single member of the Keap1 dimer, the E-FRET signal at 21% is lost, whereas the E-FRET signal at 13% is maintained.
A presenilin mutant that selectively lowered Aβ40 exacerbated plaque deposition in TgAPP mice, implicating the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio per se[ 45].
Mean levels of RNA substrate ligated by T4 Rnl2tr mutants that are significantly different are lower than the corresponding WT T4 Rnl2tr values (see Fig 6).
