Exact(3)
Here, we used phage display techniques to generate receptor-selective TNF mutants that activate only one TNFR.
To determine the signaling pathway for protecting dendritic atrophy, we use H-RAS mutants that activate RAF-MEK or/and PI3K-AKT signaling selectively or non-selectively.
STAT92E functions as an inducer of lamellocyte development, as gain-of-function hopTum-l mutants that activate the JAK/STAT pathway cause lamellocyte over-production.
Similar(57)
To test potential interaction site of EGCG in RIG-I, we tested RIG-I deletion mutants that can activate signal transduction in the absence of exogenous ligands.
In particular, mutants that cannot activate σF but are properly localized would be expected to oligomerize properly.
Resistance to PMs is enhanced in wild type plants treated with JA, as well as in cev1 mutants that constitutively activate the JA pathway [ 52].
Finally, there are a number of Sho1 mutants that are constitutively activated in the sense that their expression will activate the Hog1 MAPK in the absence of any osmostress (Tatebayashi et al. 2006, 2007; Vadaie et al. 2008).
To test for effects of Hsf1 activation on TOR signaling, we made use of mutants that are constitutively activated for Hsf1.
The fact that kinase mutants that cannot be activated are retained in mitochondria in detriment of their nuclear translocation supports this notion [20], [22].
Genetic analyses of C. elegans mutants that either fail to activate dauer formation under adverse conditions (Dauer formation defective, or Daf-d) or form dauers constitutively regardless of environmental conditions (Dauer formation constitutive, or Daf-c), further revealed multiple signaling pathways that relay sensory information to influence the developmental decision (Riddle et al., 1981).
Mutant heat shock factors that activate the stress protein response in the absence of a stress or that prevent stress activation of the response have proven useful for studying biological questions associated with a normal or abnormal stress protein response and have been incorporated in the design of gene switches with desirable new properties.
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