All mutants showed lower PI compared to those with the RAW264.7 cell line, but overall we obtained similar results.
After 24 h and 48 h, all mutants showed lower in vivo fitness than their complements, which means that lipids are significant nutrient sources in the mouse lung.
Notably, all long-lived mutants showed lower growth rates compared to wild type, while 3 of 5 short-lived mutants showed the same or higher growth rates.
Studies on TNF- α null mutants showed lower level expression of proliferation and early differentiation transcription factors (MyoD and MEF-2) than wild-type after acute injury [ 101].
Following insect attack, the cpk3 and cpk13 mutants showed lower transcript levels of plant defensin gene PDF1.2 compared to wild-type plants.
At a 0.4 μM ABA concentration, all the double and triple mutants showed lower germination rates in comparison with Col-0, whereas the triple mutant showed highest sensitivity to ABA, suggesting that these three cytosolic AtACBPs play overlapping roles in seed germination.
It should be noted that the functional mechanisms between the DnaJ proteins AtJ8, AtJ11 and AtJ20 in regulation of CO2 fixation might be somewhat different because the j8 mutant differed in the response to ambient CO2 concentration while the j11 and j20 mutants showed lower response to light intensity, which suggests the involvement of photosynthetic light reactions in limitation of CO2 fixation.
Even the triple mutant shows lower levels of mei2+ than the Δ gcn5 Δ mst2 double mutant, suggesting that Δ elp3 has an opposite effect on mei2+ transcription than Δ gcn5.
This mutant was attenuated in the endocarditis model because rats inoculated with the mutant showed lower bacteremia levels, reduced weight loss, and increased survival compared with animals challenged with the parental strain.
This insertion mutant shows lower Cu Zn SOD activity (n=5, P<0.05, Figure 5) and lower expression than wild-type flies (n=5, P<0.01 and <0.001) confirming that it has a negative effect on Sod3 expression/function.
