Both dehydrogenase enzymes are responsible for producing reducing equivalents (NADH) during cellular respiration, suggesting that down-regulation of these enzymes plays a role in reducing energy turnover in conidia produced by the Δ com1 mutant, which contributed, in part, to abnormal shape of the com1 conidia.
Interestingly, although mir-83 (n4638 ); mir-34 (gk437 ) mutants produced the normal number of self-progeny in our experiments, they nevertheless exhibited reduced numbers of cross-progeny when mated to wild-type males.
In rice (Oryza sativa), the Semi-dwarf1 gene (Sd1 or GA20ox2) encodes GA20-OXIDASE2 catheyzing the second-to-last step of the GA biosynthesis, and the sd1 loss-of-function mutants produce defective enzymes resulting in reduced GA and plant height (Ashikari et al. 2002; Monna et al. 2002; Spielmeyer et al. 2002).
Similarly, a TYLCV-C4stop mutant produced weak symptoms and reduced viral DNA in N. benthamiana compared to wild-type virus [30].
Whereas HK-wt and NS1 M124induceded minimally detectable levels of IFN-β, the HK NS1 D125G(GAT→GGT) mutant produced significantly more IFN-β that was however reduced in combination with the M124I mutation (Supplementary Figure S6).
In three experiments, exo fresh weight was reduced to approximately 40% of the wild-type level, whereas in three other experiments the mutant produced up to 81% of the wild-type fresh weight (see Additional file 1, Table S3).
The gns4 mutant produced smaller grains than those of WT.
Additionally, in LB medium ldhA mutant produced little lactate, while pflB mutant also produced little formate (Lucy Stols MID 1997; Zhu and Shimizu 2004).
Three mutants that produced plaques significantly reduced in size compared to ampAOE cells were recovered, identified, and characterized.
Group 2 mutants (E161K, T220I, and D1275N) produced significantly reduced but detectable whole-cell Na+ currents (Table 1, Figs. 1B and 3A).
