Studies have shown that HIV sero-discordant and sero-concordant couples, who continue to practice unprotected sex, will increase their exposure to mutant or multiple strains of the human immunodeficiency virus, as well as other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancy, if the use of dual method for disease and pregnancy prevention was not practiced [ 4- 9].
Tyrosinase mutants lacking single or multiple N-glycosylation sites were obtained by changing the codon for Asn (AAT or AAC) from the glycosylation sequon to the codon for Gln (CAA), either using a site-directed mutagenesis kit (Clontech, USA) or by three-steps PCR method.
For each protein, mutants at single or multiple lysine sites that block SUMOylation have to be identified and generated.
We also generated double or multiple mutants of wer-1, a mutant with more root hairs than Col-0, with BRI1-OX or bin2-3 bil1 bil2, and found that both BRI1-OX wer-1 and bin2-3 bil1 bil2 wer-1 were similar to wer-1, with many ectopic root hairs formed at the N cell position.
(A) The phosphorylated threonine and serine residues shown in Fig. 1D were mutated to alanine, and Atg31 mutants with single mutations or multiple mutations in various combinations, as well as Atg31 deletion mutants, were assessed for autophagy activity under nitrogen starvation conditions.
Lastly, despite the power of yeast genetics, the interpretation of double or multiple mutant data is difficult as every mutant creates a pathological state and a function of a protein under these conditions may not necessarily reflect such a function in wild-type cells.
As a consequence, this vector will be a highly valuable means for the rapid generation of single or multiple mutants remaining sensitive to the most reliable selection markers Blasticidin S and neomycin.
In two extensive in vitro studies, Peelman et al. and Iserentant et al. generated a large number of distinct murine leptin mutants featuring either single or multiple amino acid changes, essentially covering the whole surface of the leptin protein [31],[32].
To examine the role of N-linked glycosylation of feline Tetherin/BST-2 in its antiviral function, we analyzed the effects of exogenous expression of mutants with a single or multiple mutations in the N-linked glycosylation sites (N79A, N119A, and N79A/N119A) on RD-114 production.
Transcription profiling of individual or multiple mutants of transcription factors used by Hog1 shed light on the complexity of the transcription factor network (Capaldi et al. 2008; Ni et al. 2009).
