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Loss-of-function mutants of maize DLF1 (dlf1) have a late flowering phenotype with some abnormal tassel branches.
Moreover, Brk1 was first identified in a genetic screen for morphogenetic mutants of maize [18].
In CAD deficient, bm1 mutants of maize differences in cell wall crosslinking, and a reduction in the amount of esterified p-coumarate were observed [27].
We recently reported changes in flowering dynamics in some of the brown midrib mutants of maize (Zea mays L). [ 12].
To determine whether lignin content affects virulence of U. maydis, we infected single and double brown midrib (bm) mutants of maize with SG200.
McCarty [ 8] reviewed the viviparous mutants of maize and their phenotypic responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) during embryo development and maturation.
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Starch content is significantly decreased in the endosperm in the shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant of maize, which shows low activity of AG Pase thus indicating the importance of AGPase in starch synthesis (Bhave et al. 1990; Singletary et al. 1997).
Instead, the lignin contains more 5-hydroxyguaiacyl residues and therefore resembles the lignin composition of the bm3 mutant of maize [ 26, 27].
In cereals, there are three isoforms of SBE: SBEIa, SBEIIa and SBEIIb, and in the amylose extender mutant of maize that lacks SBEIIb, amylopectin had fewer branches and a higher proportion of longer chains [ 7] that are essentially amylose.
The converse finding, that an increased Tp results from a reduction in the frequency of short branches due to knockdown of SBEII genes in rice and barley [ 9, 10] or the amylose extender (knockout of SBEIIb) mutant of maize [ 7], confirms the influence of starch branching frequency on thermal properties.
For example, starch from the waxy mutant of maize (Zea mays L). (deficient in GBSS and virtually amylose-free) had a lower gelatinisation temperature, whereas that from wheat (Triticum aestivum L). had an unaltered gelatinisation temperature but altered pasting properties [ 5].
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