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It was also found that R248Q mutation could accelerate onset of all tumor types and shorten the survival of mice, thus suggesting that hotspot mutants may confer different type and magnitude of GOF effects.
Interestingly, the proportion of missense mutations in p53 is higher than that seen in other tumour suppressor genes, suggesting that expression of p53 mutants may confer selective advantage over and above loss of wild-type function [ 4].
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In CAG repeat expansion diseases, the presence of coding mutation may confer toxicity to the mutant transcripts and to encoded poly-Q proteins.
Thus, they confirm in a neuronal cell context our original hypothesis that mutant ASYNs may confer toxicity via CMA blockade [21], and for the first time provide conclusive evidence that the compensatory activation of macroautophagy mediates death in this setting.
Thus, mutant LRRK2 may confer pathogenic effects through other functions.
It is possible that other mutant alleles may confer different risks for recurrence.
Knockdown of mutant p53 by RNA interference causes massive apoptosis in mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines but not in wild-type p53 breast cancer cell lines, indicating that mutant p53 may confer oncogenic potential as well as loss of tumor suppressor activity [ 23].
Another important therapeutic target for melanoma is mutant NRAS, which may confer resistance to therapies such as vemurafenib, against which current therapies are ineffective.
Consistent with this model, several independent studies have shown that the mutant (valine) allele of MTHFR may confer a twofold reduction in risk of colon cancer [ 2, 5] and a fourfold reduction in risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia [ 6].
Indeed, 'Micro-Tom' mutant lines carry mutated alleles that may confer high agricultural value to tomato, e.g. alleles causing large variations in fruit color, shape, size, and composition.
These data are suggesting that stress resistance in ndg-4 mutants and checkpoint mutants may be conferred by the same mechanism.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com