Mostly small (1 2 cells) dvps4Δ7b mutant clones could be recovered, probably because the FRT-mediated recombination events used to create mutant patches is triggered in individual cells and that, in isolation, dvps4Δ7b mutant cells undergo apoptosis faster than they can grow.
If exit from germline quiescence in ampk and daf-18 mutant animals is triggered by derepression of TORC1 activity, then reducing or eliminating the activity of rheb-1, raga-1 or ragc-1 should suppress these defects.
Representative micrographs showing acetylcholine neuromuscular junctions from unc-13 s69 unc-13 s69hat were unstimutants (A – C ) and sthatlated by light activation of ChIEF (D – F ). Large vesicles do not appear after stimulation in unc-13 mutants, suggesting that endocytosis is triggered by addition of vesicle membrane to the synaptic membrane and not simply depolarization of calcium entry.
In contrast to this, CED-4 strongly accumulates at the nuclear periphery in ced-9 lf); ced-9 lf) double mutants, where apoptosis induced-3 lf ced-3 lfdoublehe loss of CED-9, whereas apoptosis execution is blocked by the absence of the CED-3 caspase.
A potential mechanism for neurodegeneration in HD that is triggered by mutant Htt (mtHtt) involves mitochondrial dysfunction.
The earliest studies reporting the existence of post-ER quality control of integral membrane proteins provided evidence that misfolding of mutant membrane proteins in yeast is triggered by either high temperature (Jenness et al., 1997; Li et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2006) or changes in PM lipid composition (Wang and Chang, 2002; Lauwers et al., 2007).
The apparently extremely low level of DSBs is consistent with the hypothesis that a checkpoint preventing their formation is triggered in this mutant.
This switch is triggered by pathogen virulence, since infection with an Ecc15 avirulent mutant (Ecc15 Evf ) did not trigger stunting of Lp WJL -associated juveniles.
Interestingly, the enhanced respiratory burst in PUB mutants might be triggered by chitin (Trujillo et al. 2008).
That said, the observation that atips1-1 mutares are not more sensitive than the wild-type to oxidative stress may appear conflicting with the hypothesis that PCD in the mutant could be triggered by ROS production in chloroplasts.
