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The NO3/NO2 loss mutants reached substantial abundances in tropical ocean regions, where their abundances were similar to those of null mutants in some locations (Fig. 2C, D).
The slower growth rates of bright Vibrios relative to dark mutants in some studies are in keeping with the energy sink hypothesis which states that the energetic costs of light production slows growth rate [10] [13].
In addition, screening of mutants in some test conditions is problematic because phenotypes of individual mutants have to be evaluated one-by-one.
Current systems biology has accumulated much data on mutations with large effects and can predict the properties of knockout mutants in some systems.
Furthermore, due to additional functions, double mutants in some autonomous pathway genes display severe pleiotropic phenotypes or even lethality (Koornneef et al., 1998; Veley and Michaels, 2008).
Several previous studies analyzed differential gene expression of B. anthracis and B. cereus strains and mutants, in some cases exploring the effects of CO2.
Similar(52)
Strain DAY286 [36] was used as a reference strain for the hyr1/hyr1 null mutant in some experiments.
Similar to null mutants in mice, some embryos display a SAN block and a dramatic lowering of the heart rate.
The one exception was in cdh23 mutants, in which some proximity labeling signal remained for Cdh23-Harmonin (Fig. 3G), Cdh23-Ift88 (Fig. 3H) and Harmonin-Ift88 (Fig. 3I) protein pairs, but not for Myo7a (Fig. 3J,L).
However, the expression of CWI pathway-related genes was enhanced in some mutants in the absence of significant Slt2 phosphorylation, despite the fact that functional MAPK signaling through the pathway was required.
(II) "Spliced" 16S and 19S mRNA's are made during infections with each of the mutants although, in some cases, the ratio of 19S to 16S mRNA species is reduced.
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