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We tested these mutants in cells with time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and death assays, and show remarkable agreement with the calculations.
This could account for the more pronounced effects of these mutants in cells bearing longer neurites (>50 µm) [10].
Since some misfolded tyrosinase mutants may fold and recover their enzymatic activity below 37°C [24] we have expressed the mutants in cells cultivated at 31°C.
To confirm whether BAG3 also interacts with αB-crystallin mutants in cells, either wild-type or αB-crystallin R120G was expressed with Flag-tagged BAG3 in HEK293 cells, and an immunoprecipitation assay was performed using anti-Flag antibody.
In summary, Figure 2 shows that ERK MAP kinase is activated by virtually all tested FGFR3 mutants in cells, including the weakly activating HCH and ACH mutants N540K and G380R, respectively.
Although the expression levels of N79A and N79A/N119A mutants in cells were much higher than those of wild-type and N119A, the loss of glycosylation at N79, but not N119, reduced the antiviral activity of feline Tetherin/BST-2 (Figure 4).
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Thus, the synaptic phenotype observed in R704C-mutant iN cells replicates the previously observed phenotype of R704C-mutant neurons.
We show that neuroligin-3 R704C-mutant iN cells exhibit a large and selective decrease in AMPA-type glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission without changes in NMDA-type glutamate receptor- or in GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission.
However, the activities of the M-1, M-3, M-4, M-5, and M-6 mutants in cell lysate were lower than that of wild-type CueO (Fig. 2).
The pcDNA plasmid containing the Z (E342K) α1-antitrypsin allele was used as the basis for the mutants in cell culture experiments [ 29].
The helicase activity of K319E and R374Q was reduced to <20%with all nucleotides, consistent with the strong depletion observed with these mutants in cell culture.
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