Sentence examples for mutants has led from inspiring English sources
An understanding of the functions of viral proteins together with the ability to genetically engineer specific viral mutants has led to the development of attenuated HSV-1 for gene therapy.
Genetic analyses of plant symbiotic mutants has led to the identification of key genes involved in Rhizobium-legume communication as well as in development and function of nitrogen fixing root nodules.
Thus a relatively random selection of TS lethal mutants has led to a group of mutants that impact various steps of the protein synthesis, trafficking, and quality control suggesting that this might be a common characteristic of the TS mutants in Neurospora generated by Inoue and colleagues [4].
Studying gene expression in these mutants has led to the identification of many genes upregulated by DAF-16 [ 7- 9].
The ease of gene tagging and cloning provided by T-DNA insertion mutants has led to their extensive use in Arabidopsis research.
Mutants affecting ethylene responses have been isolated in Arabidopsis, and characterization of these mutants has led to the identification of ethylene receptors and several downstream components in the ethylene signal transduction pathway [ 3- 5].
Studies of bacterial and plant mutants have led to the identification of plant genes involved in the early stages of symbiotic nodulation [ 42].
The ease of gene tagging and cloning provided by transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutants have led to their heavy use by the Arabidopsis research community.
It is unclear how this system may influence aging in mammals, but multiple P450 enzymes are also differentially expressed in long-lived C. elegans daf-2 mutants, which has led to the suggestion that P450 enzymes slow aging by reducing damage generated from toxic compounds [ 55, 56].
The mutant approach has led to the identification of several large effect salt tolerance genes including the plasma membrane Na+\H+ antiporter family member SOS1 [11], the vacuolar Na+\H+ antiporter NHX1 [12] and a plasma membrane Na+ transporter HKT1 [13].
The availability of numerous mutant strains has led to the identification of many unexpected genetic pathways that can influence the folding and toxicity of misfolded substrates (Hsu et al., 2003; Morley and Morimoto, 2004; Garcia et al., 2007).
