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First, it is clear that a proportion of learning and memory mutants found by completely different (olfactory) paradigms have relevant defects here.
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Originally spo mutants were found by direct screening for sporulation defects (Bresch et al. 1968; Kishida and Shimoda 1986).
303 Cd-sensitive mutants were found by Ruotolo and colleagues [ 61], 73 by Serero and co-workers [ 74], and 276 by Jin et al [ 33].
If a mixture of wild type and deletion mutants was found by direct sequencing, the gel-purified PCR product was cloned to pCR2.1-TOPO vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and 10-15 clones were sequenced to identify the deletion mutants.
With regard to the goa-1, egl-30 double mutant, as found by other researchers before us [ 16], these double-mutant animals proved difficult to maintain, became extremely sick and were impossible to be assayed reliably for avoidance.
Furthermore, the phenotypes observed by reducing N, Ras or Wg signaling in cno2 mutants resembled those found by simultaneously overexpressing Wg-Ras1Act, NAct-Wg or NAct-RasAct, respectively (compare Fig. 3G, 3L, 3Q; 3M, 3R, 3R and 3I, 3N, 3S).
This technology is particularly useful as a complementary diagnostic test in the context of a recessive disease when only one mutant allele is found by sequencing.
For the wild-type sample the position of EF3-4 was fixed as in the crystal structure, using distance restraint between C862 residues (EF3-4 hands) and C270 (neck region) to be 15 Å, while no such distance restraint was imposed in the BUNCH runs for NEECK mutant, as it was found by EPR experiments that the neck region is no longer in contact with the EF3-4 hands in NEECK mutant.
A substantial conformational difference in the MD between repressed and hyperactive mutants of EClpB has been found by cryo-EM analysis, revealing that MDs surrounding the core of hexameric ring are horizontally oriented in the repressed mutant, whereas they are rather vertically tilted in the hyperactive mutant28.
You can give the captives a weapon in case you are found by Super Mutants.
The gene pmpR (pqsR-mediated PQS regulator, PA0964) was found by screening transposon mutants for clones in which the phzA1 promoter had altered expression profiles.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com