Cytological analyses showed that the mutant seeds contain abnormal embryos, the development of which is arrested from early in the phase of pattern formation, to late in the maturation phase [20] (Figures 1g k and S1).
Because vps25 mutants in Drosophila are characterized by enlarged early endosomes [19] [21] (see also Fig. 1B″), we tested whether mutants in the other two ESCRT-II components also contain abnormal endosomes.
However, KCBP mutants, (ZWICHEL), grow normally with no apparent defects in cell division except that they contain abnormal trichomes [ 71, 72].
In human ALS, degenerating motor neurons contain abnormal accumulations of insoluble and misshaped protein of both wild-type and mutant SOD1 (Bosco et al., 2010).
Although fzl mutant plants are not deficient in thylakoid formation per se, fzl chloroplasts are large and unusually shaped, they contain abnormal proportions of stromal and granal lamellae and they frequently accumulate small vesicles (Gao et al, 2006).
Mutant ovules contained abnormal megasporocyte-like cells during pre-meiosis, megaspores experienced elongated meiosis and megagametogenesis, and defective megaspores/embryo sacs were produced at various stages.
These data do not rule out the possibility that que mutants contain a defect in muscle relaxation; however, they do indicate that abnormal motor output from the CNS at least contributes to the behavior of this mutant.
A variation on this technique to prevent transmission of mutant maternal mtDNA is to transplant the metaphase II spindles from unfertilized oocytes containing abnormal mitochondria to those of healthy recipient oocytes, as studied in nonhuman primates [ 65].
When an animal or person eats or is exposed to tissues containing abnormal prions, their own prion proteins are converted into the deadly abnormal form.
During meiosis, ovules contained abnormal cells adjacent to degenerated megaspores.
