For this purpose, Epac mutants can be analyzed.
If parameters are chosen appropriately also the phenotype of available mutants can be reproduced.
Society's cruelty to mutants can be a metaphor for racism, or homophobia, or totalitarianism, or all at the same time.
Three, many equivalent mutants can be generated and these can be difficult to eliminate.
Remarkably, in some plant species, homozygous knockout mutants can be produced in a single generation.
Residual guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate synthetic activity of relA null mutants can be eliminated by spoT null mutations.
With these techniques, libraries of mutants can be generated, from which individuals with functionally useful phenotypes can be isolated.
Due to their structural complexity, the functional dissection of sRNAs solely by designing and assaying mutants can be challenging.
Alternatively, phage mutants can be distinguished using a multiplex PCR assay designed to target sequences specific for individual phage mutants (Supplementary Fig. S2).
However, not all technically desirable TMV coat protein (CP) mutants can be propagated in plants successfully, if they change the efficiency of virion assembly.
Although a large number of distinct classes of Unc mutants can be distinguished by an experienced observer, precise quantitative definitions of these classes have not been available.
