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Further, establishment of the P cytotype by telomeric P insertions was shown to be sensitive to mutants affecting both heterochromatin formation (HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1, "HP1") and small RNA silencing pathways (AUBERGINE, an Argonaute member), suggesting a complex molecular mechanism [25], [30], [31].
In summary, with the DsDELGT4 system, we have successfully obtained numerous tissue-specific transgenic lines and created mutants affecting both known and novel genes.
This was made possible by combining this highly specific TSS determination technique with the use of mutants affecting both the nuclear exosome and the cytoplasmic NMD pathway.
In contrast to the Nup53 mutants and truncations that abrogate one membrane binding region, mutants affecting both membrane binding sites (1 319 R105E/K106E, 1 319 S94E/T1 312 1–312 R105E/K106E and 1 312 S94E/T100E) did not support NPC assembly and NE reformation.
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These mutants affect both exposed and non-exposed cilia, suggesting that both classes of neurons are involved in sensing NH4Ac.
Shortening in cn/cn mutants affects both axial and appendicular portions of the body and proximal, middle, and distal parts of each limb.
Although am1 mutants affect both male and female meiosis, anthers were chosen because they are much easier to dissect than the female floral tissue and because comprehensive transcriptome studies of normal maize anther development are already available on this array platform [ 20- 22].
The G85R mutant affects both process II and process IV, primarily because the mutation is located in a region of the protein capable of affecting both processes.
In both BG57/DVAPRNAi GD3990 and BG57 Sac1RNAi mutants, a complex phenotype affecting both the pre- and postsynaptic compartments was observed.
Interestingly, mutants that affect both gene looping and nuclear pore complex were identified in the Opi− mutant screen.
To determine the pathogenic role of elevated IGFBP5, we established transgenic mouse lines in which IGFBP5 is overexpressed specifically in neurons under the control of the neurofilament-light chain (NF-L) promoter and found a progressive neuropathy in these mutants that affected both sensory and motor nerve fibers.
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