Overall, these results indicate that technical variation in sample preparation and sequencing is minimal, but that there is substantial variation between biological replicates due to stochastic differences in which mutant viruses predominate during the initial reverse-genetics step.
Interestingly, the shift in the IC50 required to suppress the re-engineered resistant mutant viruses closely matched the concentration of compound used during the selection of drug resistance.
Together, these studies suggest the possible co-existence of mechanisms of back-reversion and outgrowth of wild-type variants during STI, where the prevalence of the mutant viruses depends on virus fitness gain and other host factors.
Taken together, CA interactions with host proteins and the analysis of CA mutant viruses show that HIV-1 CA plays an important role during early steps of infection.
As reported in many previous studies conducted with poliovirus [ 43], human enterovirus 71HEV7171) [ 64], FMDV [ 65, 66], coxsackie virus B3 [ 41] and HCV [ 42], enhanced resistance of mutant viruses to ribavirin might be associated with the increased genetic fidelity that is acquired during viral passages in the presence of ribavirin.
Scientists isolated mutant viruses with that property more than four decades ago.
Many of these attenuated mutant viruses have entered clinical trials.
That work concocting mutant viruses, inoculating ferrets, and testing whether they'd infect others was carried out by younger researchers who have remained invisible during the past 8 months.
Both mutant viruses were expected to possess specific metal ion affinities.
Four mutant viruses, KK122/123EE, E202K, G304K, and KKK305/307/310EEE, were recovered following transfection of C6/36 cells.
