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Silencing of Fas/CD95 by RNA interference, transfection with a FADD dominant-negative mutant that blocks Fas/CD95 signaling, and specific inhibition of caspase-8 prevented the apoptotic response triggered by edelfosine, hence demonstrating the functional role of DISC in drug-induced apoptosis.
A BCMA-Ig mutant that blocks only APRIL has been generated and might be useful for further dissecting the function of APRIL in autoimmunity [ 40].
The mutant BNip3ΔTM lacks the C-terminal domain essential for integration into the OMM and has been shown to function as a dominant-negative mutant that blocks BNip3 translocation and integration into the OMM.
For example, an endocytosis-defective dynamin mutant that blocks internalization of the EGF receptor has been found to prevent maximal EGF-induced ERK activation [25].
Mitochondrial fragmentation was similarly corrected in both the lymphoblast and the striatal cell models of HD by the efficient expression (Supporting Information Fig S3) of a dominant-negative calcineurin mutant that blocks Drp1 mitochondrial translocation (Cereghetti et al, 2008) (Fig..3).
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To test the effectiveness of our screen, we culled from the literature a list of previously identified mutants that block spore formation.
In ced-3 mutants that block apoptosis (Lettre and Hengartner 2006), we observed an additional neuronal-like cell, indicating that the undead M1 sister probably adopts an neuronal-like fate.
Drosophila females are an ideal system to test the specificity of an antibody to γ-H2AV because the ovaries are arranged according to developmental age and because we can easily control the presence or absence of DSBs by using mutants that block their occurrence or repair.
Both functions seem to play a role in the normal processing of WT rod opsin as co-expression with ERdj5-SS and ERdj5-H63Q muthats that block its reductase and its co-chaperone activity, respectively, resulted in retention and accumulation of a fraction of WT rod opsin in the ER.
To test whether MVB12B also requires hVPS4 function, we examined its membrane association in cells expressing wild type hVPS4B or a dominant negative form hVPS4B mutant (E235Q) that blocks ATP hydrolysis and perturbs endosome morphology [12], [13].
Genetic manipulations (sta6 mutant) that block starch synthesis in C. reinhardtii have resulted in a significant increase in TAG accumulation [ 47].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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