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Others have examined mutant strains containing deletions in outermembrane proteins that show biofilm formation in the animal pathogen B. bronchiseptica is protein-mediated [18].
Until recently, it has proven difficult to construct isogenic L. monocytogenes prfA* mutant strains containing the alleles that confer the highest PrfA activity by standard methods.
This mutagenesis procedure resulted in the creation of S. aureus single mutant strains containing a deletion of htsA (ΔhtsA) or a replacement of isdE with an erythromycin resistance marker (ΔisdE).
In addition, in a mouse model of Lyme disease, B. burgdorferi mutant strains containing bbk32 gene deletions have an attenuated infectivity when assessed at twenty-one days post infection [39], demonstrating that BBK32 is a virulence factor in borrelioses.
"Alternative Inputs" combines gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (deletion) perturbations, and hence is closest in spirit to synthetic dosage lethality analysis [38], [40] in which a reference gene is overexpressed in mutant strains containing potential target mutations.
Individual colonies were tested for the ability to suppress BRCA1-induced lethality by growing WT and mutant strains containing the BRCA1 plasmid in liquid SC glucose containing medium (2%) lacking uracil (GLU) until stationary phase was reached in 96 well dishes.
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The Δpvl mutant strains contained a spectinomycin resistance cassette (spc) used to replace pvl genes, which allowed for the enumeration of the Δpvl mutant (Spc-resistant) and parent strain (Spc-sensitive).
These mutant strains contain a kanamycin marker in SGI1 that was necessary for the selection of SGI1 in mating experiments according to the large antibiotic resistance profile of these plasmids (Table 1).
Less than 20% of the cells of the wild-type, recB, and recG mutant strains contained foci, and only 1 2% of the cells of the ruvA mutant and ruvA recG double-mutant strains contained foci.
Images of cells in exponential phase revealed that greater than 90% of the cells of the wild-type, recG, recB, and ruvA mutant strains contained foci, whereas only 74% of the cells of the ruvA recG double-mutant strain contained foci (Table 2 and Figure S6).
Consistent with this idea, aggregates from both mutant strains contained many constituents of multisubunit assemblies, and the species we detected only in aggregates from ncs2Δelp6Δ yeast were mostly additional subunits of complexes aggregating in both mutants (Table S3).
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