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Overall, results are consistent with the 'recovery' growth characteristics of both strains (Fig. 1D), and indicate that the short lag phase observed for the ∆yeaG mutant strain during 'recovery' growth is likely due to an increased metabolic activity despite the mutant cells having experienced sustained N starvation.
Since many bacteria adjust their metabolism as an adaptive response to prolonged conditions of nutritional adversity, we considered whether the short lag phase displayed by the ∆yeaG mutant strain during 'recovery' growth was indicative of an altered metabolic state ergo adaptive response between ∆yeaG mutant and wild-type strains to sustained N starvation.
It was previously reported that MpkA is important for regulating siderophore production by measuring an increased amount of siderophores in the Δ mpkA mutant strain during iron starvation [ 8].
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In the supplementary data results from microbial growth morphology, zymographic analysis and enzyme activity profile of cellulose degrading enzymes from the wild-type and mutant strains during growth in different growth carbon substrates is shown.
Having established that there were no differences in growth rates between wild-type and mutant strains during the 480 minute acclimation period from 25°C to 38°C, PSII activity and thermotolerance under conditions of thermal acclimation were examined.
We provide CLS data for both wild-type and mutant strains during long-term quiescence.
We used flow cytometric analysis of fixed and propidium iodide stained cells to examine the morphological heterogeneity of the wild-type (FC36) and isogenic mutant strains during the course of our experiments.
Even though initiation of symbiosis was not affected by the altered NF structure in the mutant, and nodules were formed at an equal rate for both wild type and mutant strains during the first two weeks post inoculation, the final number of nodules was significantly lower for the mutant compared with the wild type at the end of the experiment.
However, efforts to analyze the transcriptomes of the wild type and mutant strains during sexual interaction have been hampered by the long time required for interaction to occur, which makes difficult to isolate the high quality RNA samples required for sequencing.
We selected two chromosomes, namely small chromosome I and medium chromosome V, for aneuploidy analysis and created a ranking of the most aneuploidy-prone haploid mutant strains during CA: bub1 > tel1 > bub2 > mad1 for chromosome I aneuploidy and bub1 > tel1 > mad1 > bub2 for chromosome V aneuploidy (Fig. 8a).
To capture the various levels of expression observed experimentally for the HSE-CYC1-lacZ reporter, the number of functional states for each node was determined by the maximum number of statistically-significant different groups of ß-galactosidase activity displayed experimentally by the whole panel of WT and PKA-RN mutant strains during exponential phase (Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6).
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