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Many mutant populations have been created from ionizing radiation for forward and reverse genetics purposes.
In wheat, several mutant populations have been produced in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid genetics backgrounds, and projects are underway to establish TILLING by sequencing (Tsai et al. 2011).
Recently, the genome sequence of Brachypodium has become available [ 1] and T-DNA mutant populations have also now been generated that will provide new horizons in gene discovery and gene functionality [ 18- 20].
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The Tos17 mutant population had to go through callus induction, growth, and regeneration processes.
However, the T-DNA and Ac/Ds mutant population had to go through Agrobacterium co-culture in addition to these processes.
These results also show that each mutant population has a 'leaky' phenotype, with 20% 30% of each mutant population able to form bradyzoites under differentiation conditions.
In contrast, females in the mutant population had become significantly less fecund after four generations (t test: p = 0.010; 23.2 percent reduction relative to the first generation).
In addition to preservation of the wild species accessions, a comprehensive mutant population has been developed (Menda et al., 2004) (http://zamir.sgn.cornell.edu/mutants/), which is an isogenic tomato 'mutation library' containing a total of 13 000 M(2) families derived from treatment with EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) and fast-neutron mutagenesis.
Since the beginnings of cultivation, desirable forms of the wild grapevine and spontaneous mutants within cultivated populations have been selected and preserved by vegetative propagation.
Genetic screening of mutant plant populations has proved very useful for the functional analysis of defense responses [ 15- 17].
Moreover, a substantial proportion of the fish in the Tinaja and Pachón populations have only one copy of the mutant version of insra.
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