In contrast, both esk1 and aba3-1 mutants display dwarf phenotypes and the double mutant plants were even smaller (Figure 3A), indicating that the growth limitations caused by these mutations are additive.
The answer is negative [7], [8]; Any mutant plant that – even when herbivore-free or under attack of just a few herbivores – produces large amounts of volatiles, corresponding to herbivore-induced volatiles from common (resident) plant genotypes, would gain by attracting enemies, thereby receiving protection against herbivory for the duration of their visits.
Mutant plants show an even stronger photosensitivity than chy1chy2lut5, a complete lack of qE, the rapidly reversible component of non-photochemical quenching, and a peculiar organization of the pigment binding complexes into thylakoids.
Under our laboratory conditions, out-crossing could not be completely eliminated within hth mutant populations if mutants were grown together with wt plants, even if every hth mutant plant was shielded in transparent plastic tubes.
Even after growing the mutant plants on aluminum-containing soils for several generations, there are "no obvious deleterious effects on growth, viability, [or] seed production," he says.
The copious amounts of pollen maize plants produce can be easily gathered and mutagenized with chemicals to create new mutant plants, allowing researchers to easily screen for even lethal mutations (Neuffer, 1993; Candela and Hake, 2008).
In all cases the mutant plants were found to be susceptible for disease development even after Trichoderma inoculation, indicating that JA-regulated pathway is required for TISR against pathogen challenged conditions.
Class B gene expression and corresponding homeotic transformations in mutant plants suggest that the lodicules are probably homologous with eudicot petals, even though lodicules are small, often glandular-looking organs that appear very different from typical petals [ 49, 50].
A second class of mutants exhibits open cotyledons and short hypocotyls, like light-grown plants, even when grown in the dark.
