This model is supported by evidence that elg1 deletion exacerbates mcd1 mutant phenotypes, indicating that Elg1p function is critical for the ultimate maintenance of sister chromatin pairing.
All injected animals developed the typical tra mutant phenotypes, indicating that with the RNA supplement, only the larval phenotype could be rescued (data not shown).
Our biochemical data and the analysis of mutant phenotypes indicate that ALS8 is due to DVAP loss-of-function, with Sac1 being downregulated and PtdIns4P levels subsequently increasing.
Functional studies using mouse Sox B1 genes to rescue fly mutant phenotypes indicate that the mammalian proteins are functionally related to both Dichaete and SoxN[ 12, 13].
However, mutant strains containing ndd1 mutant alleles lacking the Pkc1 phosphorylation sites did not fully re-capitulate the pkc1 mutant phenotypes, indicating that additional defects are associated with loss of Pkc1 activity.
Although a partial FIL transcript is produced by the fil-9 allele, the mutant phenotypes indicate that the T-DNA insertion most likely results in FIL loss-of-function and does not cause a dominant negative effect.
The failure of IBR5C129S to fully restore ibr5-1 mutant phenotypes indicates that IBR5 phosphatase activity is required for full auxin and ABA responsiveness, and it will be interesting to learn if any of the MAP kinases implicated in hormone responsiveness are IBR5 substrates.
Since crossing over does not or very rarely occurs in male flies [ 59], the presence of a mutant phenotype indicated that the respective autosome with a mutant-type marker was derived from the aabys females.
The long-term stability of the mutant phenotype indicated a mutation associated with either somaclonal variation through regeneration from dedifferentiated somatic cells [ 14] or transclonal variation inherent in the transformation process itself [ 33].
Moreover the mel1 mutant phenotype indicates that the MEL1 AGO protein mediates the regulation of germ-line mother cell development and meiosis in both male and female organs, suggesting that the MEL1-phasiRNA complexes may be involved in these processes (Nonomura et al. 2007; Komiya et al. 2014).
