The lack of responsiveness to cardiac insulin stimulation in the PRKAG2 mutant mice, where AMPK activity is dysfunctional, is intriguing where a link between insulin stimulation and AMPK is currently under investigation with regards to type 2 diabetes [3].
In those mutant mice where ossification was complete by day 21, the site of union was uneven with a spur-like bone projection.
To create mutant mice where Dicer is conditionally deleted in these tissues, we crossed the Rx-cre mouse line with a mouse line carrying a conditional null-allele for Dicer (Dicerfl/fl), where the exon containing most of the essential RNaseIII domain are flanked by loxP sites (floxed, fl) [24].
On the other hand, 1400W abolished the astrocytic diffuse fluorescence in all slices from control (n = 6 slices, 2 animals), but not in slices from mutant mice, where multiple diffusely-stained astrocytes were clearly visible (Fig 4, 180sec, n = 7 slices, 3 animals).
In Ednrb mutant mice where ENCC migration is delayed, the E14.5 mid-colon is colonized by ENCCs migrating circumferentially from a dorsal mesenteric strand [ 40].
The in vitro data regarding adipogenesis were confirmed using Faslpr mutant mice, where higher PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 mRNA and protein levels were documented in whole tibia.
The embryonic and adult isoforms of dynamin1 are functionally distinct and their activity has been investigated in mutant mice, where a missense mutation in exon 9a results in impaired synaptic function, seizures and other behavioral defects (Boumil et al., 2010).
In support of a role for Fgf8, salivary gland development is disrupted in conditional Fgf8 mutant mice, where Fgf8 is lost in the oral epithelium (Jaskoll et al., 2004).
Another ECM protein, reelin, plays a key role in controlling the migration of neurogenic precursors to the target olfactory bulb [224], and this process is abolished in reeler mutant mice, where the protein is missing [225].
Thus we hypothesized that a higher basal level of total Cx43 function in I130T mutant mice might retain a more normal mammary gland function than we previously documented in the G60S mutant mice where the gland exhibits significant developmental delays and failed to eject milk [ 20].
