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The dcl4 mutant lines had point mutations in DCL4 that eliminated or greatly reduced accumulation of the 21 nt species of ta-siR255 (Figure 1B, lanes 3 4 and 9 10; [23]).
Neither of the mutant lines had wilted and they had green photosynthetic leaves.
As a proportion of total starch, the bread wheat mutant lines had a higher amylose content of 55% compared to durum wheat mutant lines at 47% amylose.
Additionally, the model suggests that TOC1 regulation will alter the diurnal gating of the stomatal response to ABA, because both simulated TOC1-ox and toc1 mutant lines had less pronounced anticipation of dawn and dusk.
In addition, the high amylose mutant lines had reduced total starch levels compared to the parental and sibling control lines, but it is unclear how much the background mutation load is contributing to this result.
The number of callose deposits at the feeding sites was significantly higher in the overexpression lines at all time points as compared to wild type while the mutant lines had a significantly lower number of deposits.
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Analysis of mutant lines has also provided evidence for biological functions of flavonoids other than those related to pigmentation.
Because ferns are an ideal system in which to study the inheritance patterns of various genetic traits, numerous strains of water fern, with individual genetic mutations of various sorts, have been bred and are maintained in culture collections, and detailed instructions on creating new mutant lines have been developed.
In rice, lpa mutant lines have been developed with significantly reduced levels of PA and increased Pi contents (Bryant et al. 2005; Kim et al. 2008).
The Tos17 mutant collection consisting of approximately 50,000 mutant lines characterized into flanking sequences have been used in full characterization of many genes characterized in Japan and nearly 50 Tos17 mutant lines have been successfully used in tagging specific genes (See reference list at https://tos.nias.affrc.go.jp/doc/references.html).html
IR64 has been used as one of the parental lines in generating mapping populations for mapping heat stress tolerance QTLs in some studies (Cao et al. 2003; Ye et al. 2012, 2015), while Nagina22 and its derived mutant lines have been used as parents in generating mapping population by other researchers (Buu et al. 2014; Poli et al. 2013).
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