Interestingly, a dominant enhancement was also observed with fy and mwh, two genes whose mutant phenotype are multiple wing hairs.
Since Glc7 has been shown to play a role in all these processes, this suggests that the glc7-E101Q mutant is defective in multiple aspects of the Glc7 function.
Collectively, our results suggest that the increased skin disease burden exhibited in ODDD patients harbouring the fs260 mutant is probably due to multiple additive effects cause by the mutant during epidermal differentiation.
When there are multiple mutant lines in a family, a series of interconnected crosses between different mutant lines are necessary to resolve ambiguities.
The failure to see a significant reduction in binding of Rad23 in any single or double mutant may be due to there being multiple independent docking sites for Rad23 on the proteasome, although it should be noted that all of these docking sites appear to rely on the UBL domain [ 10, 14, 20, 52].
However, despite the high amino acid sequence similarity of the G. sulfurreducens RpoN to other bacterial homologs, an rpoN null mutant was not obtained after multiple attempts.
Additionally, the allelic replacement of the wild-type salKR genes by the SpcR cassette in the suspected mutant was also confirmed by multiple-PCR analysis and sequencing with primers specific to genomic regions lying out the homologous left and right arms (Fig. 3A and 3E).
The wild-type and mutant were exposed to a compound at multiple concentrations evenly spaced on a logarithmic scale c = (c i = c1 r i –1); i = {1, 2,..., n}.
In recent studies, mutagenesis is often the first step to generate genetic variation in a population, after which genome shuffling of the best-performing mutants is applied to combine multiple beneficial mutations in the same cell, or the mutant population is subjected to directed evolution (cf. infra).
Here, PDR1 and its site mutants were cloned into multiple cloning site 2 (MCS2) under control of a galactose-inducible promoter P GAL1, while PDR3 and its site mutant were cloned into MCS1 under control of another galactose-inducible promoter P GAL10.
