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Double mutant analysis revealed that SmD3b is also involved in the sensitivity to Ro 8-4304, and the prmt5-1 chs3-2D double mutant is lethal.
In keeping with this notion, we found that the pri2(C4343A) mutant allele exhibited synthetic growth defect with sod1Δ; the double mutant is lethal at 30°C while each single mutant showed only mild growth defect (Fig. 7C).
The let-7 mutant is lethal in the nematode (Reinhart et al., 2000), and decreased let-7 expression or genomic deletion has been detected in several human cancer types (Takamizawa et al., 2004; Dahiya et al., 2008; O'Hara et al., 2009).
However, because both RNases ZL are targeted to mitochondria, only the double mutant is lethal in this case [17].
In the mouse, a hypomorphic mutation of Med12 leads to neural tube closure and other defects, and the null mutant is lethal at about E7.5 [10].
The dutΔ (deletion) mutant is lethal in E. coli, but the dut-1 partial inactivation (point mutation) mutant is viable and sensitive to the presence of uracil (10 mM) or an analog of uracil, 5FU (50 µM) [11], [17].
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In most cases, the newly induced mutant was lethal over the CyO, dplvI cl-4 chromosome.
In this study, the homozygous atskip mutant was lethal to the growth, and the knockdown of AtSKIP showed late flowering and increased number of rosette leaves.
By contrast, a rabD2a rabD2b rabD2c triple mutant was lethal and a rabD1 rabD2b rabD2c triple mutant had stunted growth and low fertility, indicating that these gene family members perform important and overlapping functions.
Two different mutants altering the Walker B motif (required for ATP hydrolysis) gave opposite phenotypes: a Cdc6-E224G mutant was lethal and acted as a dominant negative mutant when overexpressed (Perkins and Diffley, 1998), but a double Cdc6-D223A, E224A mutant was viable suggesting the Cdc6 ATP hydrolysis might not be required for its essential function (Weinreich et al., 1999).
While the single mutants displayed no obvious abnormal phenotypes, likely due to compensation by the other desaturases, the double mutants showed slow growth and reduced viability at low temperature, and the triple mutant was lethal unless supplemented with dietary oleic acid [ 18, 19].
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