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The W of a rare mutant introduced in a population with a SA denoted by overbars 2.1 where R is the total resources for reproduction, r is the proportion of R allocated to male function (=SA), m(r) is the male investment per female mate as a function of r and n is the number of mates.
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We measured fitness of each secondary mutant introduced into HIVNL4-3, andne and in combination with K103N, using growth competition assays in H9 cells.
If a mutant is introduced in a cell colony, what combinations of the mutant characteristics and "background" characteristics make the mutant cells win the evolutionary competition?
All mutants were introduced in the pseudo-WT background (WT*) that contains the mutations C54T and C97A.
Specifically, single point mutants were introduced in the context of a full-length DnaK protein or at the corresponding residues of HSP70.
The relations in Table 1 pertain to the local changes in entropy as new mutants are introduced in the population and compete with the resident type for the available resources.
The mutant genes were introduced in H. polymorpha dnm1 pex11 cells and the resulting transformants analysed by fluorescence microscopy.
The Columbia accession was always wt for HTH while hth mutant alleles, when introduced in hybrid lines, originated from the Landsberg genetic background.
To this end wt and mutant PWWPs were introduced in the context of full-length PSIP1 fused to GFP and expressed in HeLa cells (Additional file 1: Figure S6).
Histone mutants were also introduced in AP182 and AP183 (hathat:HIS3) thareare Mat a strains derived from UCC1111 by mating-type conversion with HO-endonuclease and with adh4::URA3::TEL VII-L) replaced by adh4::LYS2::TEL VII-L) using mareplacedp plasmid M2660 (ura3::LYS2).
Sequencing reverse-transcribed cDNA from mutants and wild-type littermates with oligonucleotide primers for Nrp1 confirmed that a 4 bp insertion in the mutants introduced a premature stop codon at the end of the transmembrane domain and shifted the mRNA reading sequence out of frame, which prevented translation of the cytoplasmic domain (Fig. 1F).
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