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We have used a set of 48 physical, chemical energetic and conformational properties of amino acid residues and computed the difference of amino acid properties for each mutant in both sets of data.
The complemented cheR1 mutants exhibited clearly more reversals as compared with the respective wild-type control and cheR1 mutant in both strain backgrounds (Figure 4E and F).
Moreover, the ihfA mutant had identical biofilm formation as the fimA mutant in both LB and LB glu media since it also completely abolished biofilm formation at 7 and 24 h in LB and repressed by 71±2% biofilm formation in LB glu at 24 h (data not shown).
The SPI-1 mutant lacking the entire SPI-1 coding region displayed lower levels of invasion compared to the invA T3SS mutant in both culture systems, and this could be a result of the absence of the entire SPI-1 PAI (Pathogenicity Island) in the SPI-1 mutant, which could potentially contain effectors aiding in bacterial invasion.
Mutation of F595 to Ala, Val, Ile or Lys in the context of V617F drastically decreased the constitutive activity of the V617F mutant in both the JAK2-deficient γ-2A and the hematopoietic Ba/F3 cell line, in transient and stable expression experiments, respectively.
We screened for drought and cold response independently and selected the ESKIMO1 mutant in both screens.
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Furthermore, the enhanced protocol was used to construct mutants in both the gram-negative Escherichia coli BL21 and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis 168 strains.
In this review we describe novel genetic screens for the isolation of fidelity mutants in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli RNA polymerases.
Using the classic LacI protein as an example, we describe a genetic selection system using a bidirectional reporter to capture mutants in both allosteric states, allowing the positions most crucial for allostery to be identified.
The transcriptomes of mutants deleted individually in RND-4 and RND-9 (named D4 and D9), and a double-mutant in both efflux pumps (named D4-D9), were compared to that of the wild-type B. cenocepacia using microarray analysis.
To confirm this result we attempted to construct mdh KO mutants in both M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com