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As the concentration of metabolites taken from plants with identical genotype and grown under uniform conditions still show variability, this approach can also be used if no multiple mutant genotypes are available [227].
Since homozygous mutant genotypes are much rarer for rare variants, we assumed an additive mode of inheritance and encoded <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014288.e014.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> as 0, 1, or 2 for homozygous wild type, heterozygous type, or homozygous mutant genotypes.
Mutant genotypes are associated with complicated phenotypes of the disease.
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P. falciparum parasites were genotyped for parasite clone multiplicity and drug-resistance mutations, and the strength of selection upon mutant genotypes was quantified.
Wild type (wt) and mutant genotypes were normalized relative to Slbp heterozygous siblings.
The frequency of tumorigenesis in the Rb1 mutant genotypes was also relatively unchanged from wild type (85.7% for Rb1ΔL/ΔL and 77.4% for Rb1ΔL/+ vs. 90% for wild type).
All mutant genotypes were viable and replicated and accumulated in the plants, as confirmed by Western blot analysis (data not shown).
Wild type, heterozygous, and mutant genotypes were determined by PCR of Naglu exon 6 and the neomycin insertion or by Naglu-4-methylumbelliferone enzyme assay [22] from tissue samples from newborn mice.
Body weight was assessed weekly and as can be seen in Figure 1C,D, the maximum body weights of all three mutant genotypes were lighter than their wildtype littermates and male mice were generally 20% heavier than their female counterparts, on the genetic backgrounds studied.
Arabidopsis leaves of overexpressor and mutant genotypes were used for imprints of the abaxial side.
Mutant genotypes were confirmed by PCR (for deletion alleles), DNA sequencing or phenotypic analysis.
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