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MMS exposure strongly increases mutant frequency in β-pol null cells, but not in wild-type cells.
Mognato et al. also reported that SMG treatment decreased the surviving fraction and increased the HPRT mutant frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (Mognato and Celotti 2005).
These results indicate an increase of mutant frequency in the population of avian influenza A viruses in mallard duck from Ottenby.
This was evident from a direct comparison of the total lacZ mutant frequency in serosa of the duodenum between young (3-mo) and old (19-mo) animals (Figure 6B; p<0.0001).
Mice with a partial deficiency in Pol β expression (Pol β heterozygote mice) have an elevated mutant frequency in male germ cells [27] and a small increase in the incidence of lymphoid hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma [56].
Importantly, although DinB is arguably at higher intracellular concentration than when expressed from a single chromosomal copy, it does not increase DNA damage-induced mutant frequency in this assay simply by being at a higher intracellular concentration.
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While liver DNA adduct concentrations were similar in magnitude, mutant frequencies in the DMN-exposed medaka were up to 20 times higher than in the Big Blue rats.
Mutant frequencies in these sub-parts also increased significantly with age.
To investigate if this interpretation is correct we decided to comparatively analyze lacZ mutant frequencies in potentially relevant substructures of these two organ systems.
The fitness interactions between the mutations along a drug-resistance pathway are expected to have an impact on the relative mutant frequencies in a viral population.
While the time course of mutant frequencies in the sub-parts of the brain was impossible to predict, for the small intestine the question was merely whether the observed age-related increase in mutant frequency resided mainly in the inner layer of villi, containing the differentiated epithelial cells that are the result of multiple rounds of cell division during their differentiation.
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