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According to the mutant frequencies the isolates were grouped in strong mutators (20 times the mutant frequency of PAO1 (≥2×10−7), weak mutators (>1×10−8<2×10−7) or nonmutators [46], [47].
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While the time course of mutant frequencies in the sub-parts of the brain was impossible to predict, for the small intestine the question was merely whether the observed age-related increase in mutant frequency resided mainly in the inner layer of villi, containing the differentiated epithelial cells that are the result of multiple rounds of cell division during their differentiation.
We then determined the LacZ mutant frequencies in the mucosal prep (Figure 5B) and in the remaining fraction, which consists of the serosa, muscularis and part of the lamina propia with some crypts still visible (Figure 5C).
The distribution of mutant frequencies among the parallel cultures was used to estimate the most likely number of mutational events per culture (m).
The mean mutant frequencies in the mucosal layer of duodenum (25.6×10−5) and jejunum (25.7×10−5) were significantly higher than those observed in the serosal layer of duodenum (15.1×10−5; p = 0.0047) or jejunum (13.1×10−5; p = 0.0003).
The lacZ mutant frequencies in the bone marrow of control and BaP-treated animals were compared by Poisson Regression.
In contrast, the insertion-deletion mutant frequencies of the two forms were similar (data not shown) when examined using a 6-nucleotide gap-filling substrate containing a template TTTT run in the +1 reading frame.
The two tet reporters nearest I-site A, tet1 and tet2, display much reduced mutant frequencies in the recD null mutant, with mutagenesis reduced to the level observed for more distant sites.
Doubling time and spontaneous TK mutant frequencies of the established cell lines were similar to those of the wild-type cells.
Here we have quantified the fitness of all HIV-1 mutants along the classical AZT-resistance pathway under physiological drug concentrations ex vivo, calculated the epistasis values and estimated its impact on mutant frequencies within the viral population.
While liver DNA adduct concentrations were similar in magnitude, mutant frequencies in the DMN-exposed medaka were up to 20 times higher than in the Big Blue rats.
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