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Increase in mutant frequencies in mice expressing the BCR-ABL activated tyrosine kinase.
While liver DNA adduct concentrations were similar in magnitude, mutant frequencies in the DMN-exposed medaka were up to 20 times higher than in the Big Blue rats.
Mutant frequencies in these sub-parts also increased significantly with age.
To investigate if this interpretation is correct we decided to comparatively analyze lacZ mutant frequencies in potentially relevant substructures of these two organ systems.
The fitness interactions between the mutations along a drug-resistance pathway are expected to have an impact on the relative mutant frequencies in a viral population.
We then determined the LacZ mutant frequencies in the mucosal prep (Figure 5B) and in the remaining fraction, which consists of the serosa, muscularis and part of the lamina propia with some crypts still visible (Figure 5C).
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MMS exposure strongly increases mutant frequency in β-pol null cells, but not in wild-type cells.
No increase in lacI mutant frequency in the liver was observed at any dose or timepoint with chloroform, indicating a lack of DNA reactivity.
Mognato et al. also reported that SMG treatment decreased the surviving fraction and increased the HPRT mutant frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (Mognato and Celotti 2005).
These results indicate an increase of mutant frequency in the population of avian influenza A viruses in mallard duck from Ottenby.
Mice with a partial deficiency in Pol β expression (Pol β heterozygote mice) have an elevated mutant frequency in male germ cells [27] and a small increase in the incidence of lymphoid hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma [56].
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