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Such an increase was only observed in the gln1.4 mutant, for malate alone.
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Disruption of the TCA cycle in the double mutant of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase should eliminate the fraction of oxaloacetate generated through the TCA cycle.
A strong association (P = 2.26 × 10−37 was detected for malate at an aluminum-activated malate transporter-like gene on chromosome 6, which has been reported to have a major effect on malate content6,8,11, and was further validated as Al-Activated Malate Transporter 9 (Sl-ALMT9 28. Sl-ALMT9 28
In comparison, the total number of allele combinations for malate was approximately three times that of citrate.
Both GTF and GS are located within improvement sweeps (IS031 and IS044, respectively)19 and domestication sweeps (DS050 and DS175)19 were observed for malate on PDHB and ME.
Cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) identified in our study is the principal enzyme responsible for malate metabolism.
The cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is thought to be responsible for malate catabolism and the mitochondrial isoform to be involved in malate synthesis [37].
However, the Km values of the tricarboxylic acid carrier for malate and citrate are lower than the Km values of the oxoglutarate carrier for malate and α-KG [49], favouring exchange of malate for citrate.
Competition by the tricarboxylic acid and oxoglutarate carriers for malate is a possibility.
For example, di- and tricarboxylate carriers exchange malate or succinate for HPO42− and citrate and isocitrate for malate, respectively.
In exchange for malate from cytosol, the citrate/malate exchanger exports citrate from mitochondria into cytosol for lipid biosynthesis [ 53].
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