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Mice mutant for either Nog or Chd have only mild mandibular defects; however, pups of the genotype Chd Nog exhibit a range of mandibular truncation phenotypes, from normal to agnathia.
Tud material could not be detected in about 20% of stage 10 egg chambers mutant for either gene.
When RA treatment was performed between 212 and 214 hpc the Mc was reduced to its distalmost part and then disappeared (Figure 2K, L), these phenotypes resemble those observed in Dlx5/Dlx6 combined mutant mice [39], [47] and in mice mutant for either ET1 or ETRA [46], [48].
Despite the evident importance of both factors for cell viability, animals mutant for either factor die rather late during embryogenesis (Figure 1); this observation can be explained by the presence of maternally provided function supporting development until the end of embryogenesis [39], [40].
Embryos mutant for either haunted (hau) or ghost (gho) produce only a discontinuous or thin larval cuticle and the tracheae do not become air-filled and are barely visible, whereas their head skeleton albeit less melanised, has a normal morphology (Figure 1B,B' and C,C').
The G4907 stock is homozygous lethal and could be mutant for either mRpL11, HtrA2 or both.
Similar(39)
Therefore we tested whether mutants for either of these pathways had altered responses to either acute or chronic ethanol in the food race assay.
Mutants for either rpm-1 or pmk-3 spontaneously reversed direction with a frequency similar to that of wild-type animals.
These findings are consistent with previous observations in mouse knockout mutants for either GLT-1 or GLAST, which indicate that residual glial glutamate transport contributes to preserving the EPSC waveform [31], [33], [34].
Although we found no significant difference in mendelian ratios of homozygous mutants for either allele at E9.5, morphologically it was clear that the embryos were dead or extremely growth retarded and their ability to develop corresponded to their Smn levels.
ADC1 and ADC2 are functionally redundant as mutants for either gene are viable but double mutants are not [ 38].
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