Previous analyses showing that distinct classes of TSS mutant exist in yeast (upstream and downstream shifting), supporting a scanning model for identification of TSSs.
Among these genes, the most significant difference between Xu142 and fl mutant existed in GhHsf1, the expression of which was approximately six times greater in the WT than in the fl mutant during fiber initiation (from -3 DPA to 3 DPA).
This study aimed to investigate if and to what extent NA inhibitor resistant mutants exist in the wild population of influenza A viruses that inhabit wild birds.
In order to determine how many mutants exist in a single nodule, we examined 22 nodules formed by the inoculation of two different pools of mutants.
Although these mutant viruses stably replicate in the C. variabilis host in laboratory conditions, albeit with phenotypic variations compared to the PBCV-1 wild type strain, it was unknown if such mutants existed in natural populations.
In addition, brown midrib mutants exist in sorghum [ 21], making a study on the relationship between cell wall composition of sorghum and flowering directly comparable to the maize study.
Whether or not these mutants exist in the potentially colonising population depends on the total number of cells in the nasopharynx, the fraction of the inoculum that enters the lungs, the rates at which the required genetic change is generated by mutation, and the duration of the carrier state (i.e. the number of generations that survive in the nasopharynx before the population becomes extinct).
Nettles and colleagues crystallized the Y537S mutant protein, in complex with an NR box II peptide from the coactivator protein GRIP1, and demonstrated that the mutant protein exists in the canonical agonist conformation with helix 12 folded across helix 3 and helix 11 [ 34].
Therefore, the new MD simulations agree well with the crystal structure and suggest that Glu406 in the crystal of the PDE9Q453E mutant likely exists in its protonated form.
26 Heteroplasmy creates one important characteristic feature of mtDNA-encoded disease: There is an association of the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease with the extent to which mutant mtDNA exists in ratio to wild-type mtDNA in each cell.
