We believe that the mortality caused by E. ictaluri ΔasdA01 mutants, either in catfish or zebrafish, is due to a toxic shock-like effect caused by the toxins realized after this DAP dependent mutant lyse in vivo.
Likewise, in P. putida, mutants either in the siderophore pyoverdine or in the FpvA siderophore receptor have been shown to be defective in surface motility [ 44].
Single mutants (either in PLCA or LLO), which escape into the cytosol, induce a strong ISG15 signal relative to non-infected cells.
In budding yeast, mutants of the adenine biosynthesis pathway are long-lived (Matecic et al. 2010), whereas the corresponding mutants either decrease in abundance or are not detected in our screen (Table S2).
In contrast, reduced mutant SOD1 either in astrocytes or in microglia mainly influences the late stage of disease progression.
Several cancer cells exhibit abnormal accumulation of WT or mutant p53 either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus.
We find no defects in NC migration in Vangl1/2 mutant embryos, either in vivo or in vitro, arguing strongly that PCP signalling is not essential for early NC development in mammals.
Nox4 mRNA was also upregulated in cells expressing mutant p53, either in the absence (p53-R175H, ∼2-fold; p53-R280K, ∼10-fold) or in the presence of TGF- β stimulation (p53-R175H, ∼30-fold; p53-R280K, ∼40-fold).
We purified mitochondria from TIM9 WT and mutant strains, either in WT or in yme1Δ background and analysed protein levels by Western blot, comparing the levels of Tim9 and Tim10 following incubation of mitochondria at 30°C and 37°C.
