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Zhang et al. show that trigger loop mutant effects on NTP substrate incorporation during catalysis closely track mutant effects on pyrophosphorolysis, which is consistent again with a direct role for the trigger loop in catalysis through substrate-interacting residues [ 9].
Therefore, examination of mutant effects on TSS selection allows a window to the initiation process in vivo.
The klp10A P mut allele showed reduced fertility and mutant effects on MI spindle length and cortical microtubule organization in heterozygous females, demonstrating that klp10A is haplo-insufficient.
For example, Costanzo et al. (2010) mated strains of the Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing single gene deletions or mutant alleles and measured the resulting double mutant effects on growth for ∼6 million gene combinations.
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This suggests that the elf3-4 mutant effect on aberrant growth of hypocotyls does not require the LHY and CCA1 transcription factors.
qPH1's mutant effect on seedling elongation was compensated by ∼1 μM GA (1−1−7+7+ = 1+1+7+7+ and 1−1−7−7− = 1+1+7−7−), whereas qSD1-2's mutant effect on germination was offset by ~10 μM GA only when qSD7-2 fored for the effect-promoting allele (1−1−7+7+ = 1+1+7+7+; Figure 8, A−C).
The H3-L61X mutants' effects on Spt16−chromatin interactions are likely to be for the most part specific, as previous work has shown that H3-L61W, the strongest H3-L61X mutant, does not significantly affect Pol II− and Spt4−gene interactions and only modestly affects Spt6−gene interactions (Duina et al. 2007; Lloyd et al. 2009).
To verify the results were not due to mutant L2 effects on E1̅E4 transcription from the viral genome, this experiment was repeated using wild type and L2 mutant reporter viruses, which encapsidate a luciferase expression plasmid.
The results also speak to the need to overcome mutant CFTR effects on WT-CFTR introduced by emerging therapeutic methods.
Our genetic data show that although mutations in the SWR1 complex components PIE1 and SEF are epistatic on brm mutants, the effects on FLC expression of an impaired SWR1 complex are overcome by brm mutations (Figure 6).
Previous analyses of BR mutants revealed effects on both cell proliferation and cell expansion.
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